{"id":759,"date":"2012-10-05T23:40:00","date_gmt":"2012-10-05T16:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=759"},"modified":"2014-08-02T23:41:40","modified_gmt":"2014-08-02T16:41:40","slug":"dng-duong-tap-ch-to-bo-chu-quoc-ngu-som-nhat-o-h-noi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/?p=759","title":{"rendered":"\u0110ông D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p chí – t\u1edd báo ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Hà N\u1ed9i*"},"content":{"rendered":"

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BBT website Tannamtu th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt xin l\u1ed7i v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n 100 n\u0103m ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u1edd b\u00e1o. Sau b\u00e0i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 2 ng\u00e0y 1 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ban Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed. R\u1ea5t mong s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3!<\/font><\/i><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/i><\/b> – t\u1edd b\u00e1o ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i*<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1edd b\u00e1o v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/b><\/p>\n

(B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 100 n\u0103m ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u1edd b\u00e1o)<\/b><\/p>\n

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X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.(1)<\/sup><\/b> B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e9t \u1edf b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00f3t xa x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean trong su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua, l\u00e0m n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng ai th\u1eadt t\u00e2m mu\u1ed1n canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng trong khu v\u1ef1c. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ed7 ngh\u1ebdn\u201d(2) <\/b><\/sup>c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. H\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat c\u1ee7a t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/i>, 1913, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh <\/b>(1882-1936).<\/p>\n

Xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00f4n t\u00ednh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u00f4n t\u00ednh (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong quan h\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n) \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

20 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 F.H. Schneider (t\u1eeb 1882)(3) <\/sup><\/b>l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in \u1ea5n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 c\u1edb m\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Schneider \u0111\u1ebfn An Nam l\u00e0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Vi\u1ec7c Schneider ch\u1ecdn S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ngo\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, Nam K\u1ef3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p, Trung K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc k\u1ef3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1eeda thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ch\u00ecm trong \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Phong ki\u1ebfn. N\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f2n mang n\u1eb7ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Nho h\u1ecdc, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, kh\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y?! V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, F.H. Schneider \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang. \u0110\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ghi r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hai g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 n\u1ed5i danh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd (1837-1898) <\/b>v\u00e0 Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a (1834-1907), c\u1ea3 hai \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, F.H. Schneider \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin th\u1eadt l\u1edbn \u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed s\u1ef9 n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ed \u00edt c\u0169ng hy v\u1ecdng \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, thay v\u00ec B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Trung k\u1ef3, nh\u01b0ng Schneider \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u00e0nh in v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e1o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a Schneider kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh 20 n\u0103m l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd gi\u1eefa Schneider v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. Schneider th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0nh ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n ra v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi hai b\u00e0n tay tr\u1eafng. Vi\u1ec7c F.H. Schneider b\u1ebf t\u1eafc trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u n\u1ebfu xem l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y. Schneider \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p in \u1ea5n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed s\u1ef9 t\u00e0i danh nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd v\u00e0 Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a, c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd. V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, khi m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tranh c\u00e3i ngay ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef n\u00e0o s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng cho vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh v\u00f4 v\u00e0n m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb… c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c nhau trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y cai tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, vi\u1ec7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ec3 cai tr\u1ecb… Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y th\u00ec vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kia l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m phong ki\u1ebfn Trung Hoa, h\u01a1n 20 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n (ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i hi\u1ec3u)? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e9p c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n ch\u0103ng? H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nhi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c Nam B\u1ed9, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f2n \u0111ang t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn v\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ecdn x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d! V\u1eady th\u00ec d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y, v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc g\u00ec? B\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef n\u00e0o? C\u1ea3 H\u00e1n v\u0103n l\u1eabn Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n ph\u00ed qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb d\u1ea1y l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, hai th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh phong tr\u00e0o b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 90% ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eaft to\u00e9t\u201d. \u1ede \u0111\u1eddi d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ai, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, khi mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp thu c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. K\u1ebb mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu k\u1ebb d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra nh\u1eefng g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng Du (1904) v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng kinh Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c (1907) do Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u (1867-1940) v\u00e0 Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh (1872-1926) l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Nho s\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t Trung K\u1ef3, m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu theo nh\u00e3n quan v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a F.H.Schneider th\u00ec r\u1ea5t \u00edt hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1edf x\u1ee9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y. Schneider \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh hai con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y theo h\u01b0\u1edbng canh t\u00e2n, s\u1ea3n sinh ra nh\u1eefng g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t mang kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t xu th\u1ebf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Trong nh\u1eefng g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ghi nh\u1eadn, c\u00f3 t\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh.<\/p>\n

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\"121005_phanboichau\"<\/a><\/td>\n\"121005_phanchautrinh\"<\/a><\/td>\n\"120427_500_thumb\"<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u – Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh – Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a hai phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng kinh Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn: \u0110\u00f4ng kinh Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Khai d\u00e2n tr\u00ed<\/b>! Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0tri th\u1ee9c<\/b>. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi. V\u1eady nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef9 t\u1eebng tham gia cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i sao v\u1ec1 sau l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb quy cho l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ecdn c\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d,<\/i> v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ra t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed?(4)<\/sup> <\/b>Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c. Ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft cho h\u1ebft v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u cho \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c?<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1906, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 th\u1ea5m c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n Khai<\/i> d\u00e2n tr\u00ed<\/i> c\u1ee7a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, th\u1ea5m c\u00e1i gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cB\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eafc t\u1eed, v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng ngo\u1ea1i, v\u1ecdng ngo\u1ea1i t\u1eafc ngu\u201d,<\/i> cho n\u00ean, ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m Th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1i th\u1ee9 18 (1906), Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u0129nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eadn d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb H\u00e1n v\u0103n ra Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Th\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c h\u1eadu b\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh vi\u1ebft g\u1eedi cho To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o s\u1ef1 tha h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o s\u1ef1 c\u00e2u k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u00e0n \u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean quan tham lam trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, v\u01a1 v\u00e9t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng, kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1907, Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, l\u1eadp n\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng kinh Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e2m ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda khai d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n khai d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. Lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, ai h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u201cngu t\u1ed1i th\u00ec v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, m\u00e0 s\u00e1ng d\u1ea1 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4i ba ng\u00e0y\u201d<\/i>. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u00e9p c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0o th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 trong \u0110\u00f4ng kinh Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a F.H. Schneider \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, sau 20 n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p in \u1ea5n, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1eb3ng qua v\u00ec c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cai tr\u1ecb c\u00f2n m\u1ea3i tranh c\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef n\u00e0o l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef m\u00e0 th\u00f4i!<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4ng kinh Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u00ecn v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ch\u1eef, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n: d\u00e2n ta n\u00f3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<\/i>. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd (Ph\u00e1p) n\u1ebfu d\u00e2n ta c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh c\u00f2n t\u1ecf ra \u201ccay c\u00fa\u201d khi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch \u0111i kh\u00f4ng \u00edt… M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c v\u00ec ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u theo nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau khi d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb, v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb. Ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y Latin h\u00f3a t\u1eeb g\u1ea7n 300 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh t\u1eeb l\u00fac c\u00f2n \u00edt tu\u1ed5i, do t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c An Nam, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc Nam x\u01b0a nay v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng An Nam l\u1ea1i hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng…\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

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Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 c\u1edb, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong T\u00f2a \u0110\u1ed1c l\u00fd H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Th\u1eadt ch\u1eb3ng d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ee9ng ra thay m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u1ef9 trong \u0110\u00f4ng kinh Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c xin m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf s\u1ed1 10 ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0ng \u0110\u00e0o, do c\u1ee5 c\u1eed Can l\u00e0m th\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng… C\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec sao, khi \u0110\u00f4ng kinh Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c b\u1ecb kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, Nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tr\u00ed s\u1ef9 c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi?! \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh trong \u0110\u00f4ng kinh Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c m\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc 26 trang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u1ed1 (1889-1947) vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 in tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1936 \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0110\u00f4ng kinh Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 b\u1ecb kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, b\u1edfi theo Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/i>.<\/b> S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft \u00e1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u1ef9 tham gia \u0110\u00f4ng kinh Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 n\u00e1t m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o mang s\u1eafc kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng: d\u00e2n ta n\u00f3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<\/i>. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gay g\u1eaft b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi ng\u00e0i Hauser, \u0110\u1ed1c l\u00fd H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y 11.12.1907 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh: \u201c… l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9…\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n

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<\/i>T\u00e2m huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, theo Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, s\u1ef1 ngu mu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c. Mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/b> v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp, mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o phong tr\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f4ng kinh Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00e0nh phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u00f4m \u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/b> n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef! Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u1edd chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3ng M\u00e1c X\u00e2y, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Ph\u00e1p th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1906.(6)<\/sup><\/b><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00f4ng kinh Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft, ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1. Nh\u01b0ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u1eabn quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, s\u1ed1ng m\u00e1i d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/b> quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft. Theo Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn khai th\u00f4ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Phong ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khai d\u00e2n tr\u00ed theo s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, tr\u00e1nh \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c hy sinh x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9(7)<\/sup><\/b>. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i do \u0110\u00f4ng kinh Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ai quan t\u00e2m nh\u1eadn ra l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t duy nh\u1ea5t d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ee9ng ra k\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n g\u1eedi To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00f2i th\u1ea3 Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh v\u00ec v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i! Xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i: th\u1ea3 Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh v\u00ec v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i!<\/p>\n

\u1ea4p \u1ee7 tham v\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eb1ng co trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c: c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi F.H. Schneider hay kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng? Khi \u0111\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t anh c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c th\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c, kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng con \u00f4ng n\u1ecd, ch\u00e1u b\u00e0 kia, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh (\u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111i t\u00f9). V\u1eady nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i nu\u00f4i trong m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i khi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh b\u1ed9c b\u1ea1ch trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 27.6.1906 t\u1eeb M\u00e1c X\u00e2y g\u1eedi cho Ph\u1ea1m Duy T\u1ed1n: \u201c… Ng\u1ed3i m\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 g\u00e2y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y sung s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Cha m\u1eb9, anh em, v\u1ee3 con, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u phai nh\u00f2a tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng vui th\u00edch \u00eam \u00e1i nh\u1ea5t…\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

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F.H. Schneider \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i, ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecfi, g\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00f9n… g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9ng, d\u00f9 g\u00ec, sau 2 n\u0103m c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Vi\u1ec7t Nam: \u201c\u0110\u0103ng c\u1ed5 t\u00f9ng b\u00e1o\u201d(8)<\/sup><\/b>, thay v\u00ec 20 n\u0103m trong x\u1ee9 Nam K\u1ef3, th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u00edt nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00e0i n\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd m\u00e0 v\u1eabn nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. V\u1eady b\u1ecf nhau sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c??? Cu\u1ed9c \u201ch\u00f4n nh\u00e2n\u201d l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u1eefa Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 F.H. Schneider nh\u01b0 hai n\u1eeda c\u1ea7n nhau, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 s\u00e2u sa c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ea9m sinh v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111am m\u00ea v\u00ec l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung b\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0: t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p in \u1ea5n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng l\u1eabn nhau l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. R\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i: d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhau. \u0110\u00f3 k\u1ef5 v\u00e0 \u00e1c \u00fd, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o: tay sai c\u1ee7a nhau!<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb 1908 \u0111\u1ebfn 1913, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eb7n l\u1ed9i v\u00e0o Nam v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi F.H. Schneider \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ta n\u00f3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/i><\/p>\n

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B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh, \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb b\u1ecb x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c! Trong khi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u1ea1i theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n An Nam, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng H\u00e1n v\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. V\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c Nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cai tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 20 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c l\u00f4g\u00edc.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean \u201cch\u00e1n nhau\u201d, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng nhau khi n\u00e0y, khi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/i> ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1913 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u1ee9ng x\u1eed nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba n\u00eau. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u201cm\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eafm d\u00f9i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau khai d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, c\u00f3 d\u00e2n tr\u00ed m\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn \u0111o\u1ea1n trong s\u00e1ch \u201cT\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n\u201d hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cPhan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u ni\u00ean bi\u1ec3u\u201d, Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cC\u1ee5 (P.C.T) ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, m\u00e0 vun tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5y n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, h\u00e3y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. C\u00f2n \u00fd t\u00f4i l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1edd l\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c… C\u1ee5 v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, m\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00ec kh\u00e1c nhau…\u201d <\/i>(trang 50, Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp, NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng tin, 2006).<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1913, \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/i> ra \u0111\u1eddi mang trong n\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n qu\u00e1 ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, do c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n. Trong khi Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec1u qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cB\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eafc t\u1eed…\u201d<\/i>, v\u1eady n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n, trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eddi m\u1ed9t v\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c s\u1ebd l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Khai d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, ch\u1ea5n d\u00e2n kh\u00ed, h\u1eadu m\u1edbi l\u00e0 d\u00e2n sinh, bao gi\u1edd m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y: th\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f9i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n s\u1ef9 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ban Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/i>, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00fd th\u1ee9c, h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0: c\u1ee5 Ho\u00e0ng T\u0103ng B\u00ed (1883-1939), Phan K\u1ebf B\u00ednh (1875-1921), Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u1ed1 (1889-1947), Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim (1883-1953)… l\u00e0 \u201ctay sai\u201d c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e3 tham gia l\u00e0m \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc… Hay \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f5a v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, \u201cb\u1ed3i b\u00fat\u201d c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p… \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ebf Ng\u0169<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Schneider v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ee9ng sau t\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, th\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 quan y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, h\u1eb3n c\u00e1c \u00f4ng c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u01a1i tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n cho vi\u1ec7c duy t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi…\u201d<\/i>. \u0110\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/i><\/b>.<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/em> <\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. Tai h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 coi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1n x\u1eed. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng y\u00ean ch\u00ed v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tin, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn, c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan? N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng theo c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1ch quan, l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf kia? Ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 c\u1edb, \u00f4ng L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n T\u00e1 (nguy\u00ean Ph\u00f3 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ban Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng 1990-1992) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201cS\u1ef1 ngu d\u1ed1t v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e1ch. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ngu d\u1ed1t v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o vi tr\u00f9ng ghen t\u1ef5 th\u00ec n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ef7 nh\u1eadp tr\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/i> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 tranh c\u00e3i, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn, m\u1ecdi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Trinh V\u00e2n Thanh r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng cho n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n m\u1edbi trong <\/i>l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i><\/a> <\/i>v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i><\/a> \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u <\/i>th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20<\/i><\/a>\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n

\"121005_dongduongtapchi\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Trang nh\u1ea5t t\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 15\/5\/1913<\/p>\n

<\/em> <\/p>\n

C\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh khi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Thu Trang (t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u1edf Paris, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Paris 1992) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1ch quan n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu th\u1ebf: \u201c… \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Nho th\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u00f9 ngoan c\u1ed1… Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng b\u00fat khi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp n\u00eau l\u00ean s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n l\u00e0 che ch\u1edf nh\u00f3m quan l\u1ea1i tay sai c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb tham nh\u0169ng, b\u1ea5t t\u00e0i… \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 trong c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0ng Ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho cha, v\u00e0 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u1ea1 th\u00f3i sai nha. L\u00e0m cho kh\u1ed1c h\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng qua v\u00ec ti\u1ec1n. “Ng\u00e0y nay, d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i d\u00f9 h\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0o d\u00e1m l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch d\u1eef d\u1ed9i c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u1ea5y b\u1ecb t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft. So s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y trong Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Du \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed”.<\/b> \u00d4ng d\u1ee5ng \u00fd cho l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Du c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng l\u00fd h\u01a1n t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n. Trong c\u00e2u v\u0103n Ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y (trang 212 ch\u00fa th\u00edch s\u1ed1 267). C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng! B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00e0m \u00fd v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 can \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1908 \u0111\u00e9n 1933…\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

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<\/i>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u0103m 2006, t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Paris 7 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, b\u00e0 Emmanuella Effidi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/i>1913\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong t\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u0103n g\u1ea7n 800 trang.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/i> 1913 v\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau theo nh\u00e3n quan x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ed9 ra m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn thi\u1ebfu khoa h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u, nh\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gay g\u1eaft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, nh\u01b0ng khi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh m\u1ea5t \u0111i, Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i cay \u0111\u1eafng than: \u201c \u00d4i b\u1ea1n ta ng\u1ecdc b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a n\u0103m ch\u00e2u\u201d. Hai n\u0103m sau khi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh qua \u0111\u1eddi, Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5m c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i, n\u0103m 1938, Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u khi ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ca ng\u1ee3i vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed<\/i>. Xin g\u1eedi t\u1eb7ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 to\u00e0n v\u0103n b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y thay l\u1eddi k\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

M\u1eebng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed (n\u0103m 1938) c\u1ee7a Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u<\/b><\/p>\n

“K\u00ea k\u00ed minh h\u0129!
\u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng minh h\u0129!”[1]<\/a><\/sup>
\u0110\u1ecdc hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u1ea5y, v\u1ed9i m\u1eebng ng\u00e2m.
\u0110\u00eam n\u0103m canh \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m \u00e2m th\u1ea7m
G\u00e1y m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng vang \u1ea7m ba b\u1ed1n m\u1eb7t!
Th\u00f4i gi\u1ee5c v\u1eebng h\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t,
Sau ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0 g\u00e1y b\u1ed7ng th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00ean.
M\u00e0n m\u00e2y m\u00f9 qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch, hi\u1ec7n thanh thi\u00ean,
Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1nh tan, tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec9 kh\u00ed[2]<\/a><\/sup>
N\u00e0o b\u1ea1n lao n\u00f4ng, n\u00e0o nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb,
N\u00e0o l\u00e0ng v\u0103n s\u0129, n\u00e0o c\u1eeda th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n.
Th\u1eddi th\u1ebf \u1ea5y quy\u1ebft vai li\u1ec1n c\u00e1nh r\u1eadp.
N\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea1nh non kh\u01a1i d\u1ea7u m\u1ea5y l\u1edbp,
M\u00e1u chung ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt h\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng?
G\u00ec danh, g\u00ec l\u1ee3i, chi m\u00e0ng!
\u0110\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m hai ch\u1eef \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0ng ch\u1eb3ng phai!
Ai \u01a1i! \u0110\u00f4ng d\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng r\u1ed3i,
R\u1eadp nhau ta d\u1ef1ng v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i ta l\u00ean!
Ch\u00ed b\u1ec1n, v\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean!<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch cu\u1ed1i trang<\/h6>\n

1. “G\u00e0 g\u00e1y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng!”.<\/p>\n

2. Tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec9 kh\u00ed<\/i>: b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eebng vui.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/b><\/p>\n

(*) <\/b>\u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng C\u01b0\u01a1ng – Thu H\u01b0\u1eddng, Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia I.<\/p>\n

(1) <\/b>B\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c WIPO, thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c. B\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Xu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0i – Tia s\u00e1ng 27.7.2012.<\/p>\n

(2)<\/b> \u201cV\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trung th\u1ef1c, l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d, di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng T\u1ee5y t\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng V\u0103n h\u00f3a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh <\/b>ng\u00e0y 21.3.2011.<\/p>\n

(3) <\/b>Francois Henry Schneider sinh n\u0103m 1851 t\u1ea1i Paris. N\u0103m 1882 k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 in \u1ea5n. Sau 20 n\u0103m, n\u0103m 1902 ra H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m do Schneider g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, ch\u01b0a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. L\u00fd do \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1!<\/p>\n

(4)<\/b> V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, trang 290. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt 1964.<\/p>\n

(5)<\/b> \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam n\u00ean vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef An Nam\u201d b\u00e0i tr\u00ean t\u1edd \u201c\u0110\u0103ng c\u1ed5 t\u00f9ng b\u00e1o\u201d s\u1ed1 1 ng\u00e0y 28.3.1907.<\/p>\n

(6)<\/b> B\u1ee9c th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh vi\u1ebft cho Ph\u1ea1m Duy T\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 02.05.1906 g\u1eedi t\u1eeb M\u00e1c X\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

(7)<\/b> \u201cTh\u1eed \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tranh \u0111\u1ea5u\u201d, tr\u00edch t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

L\u00ea Thanh C\u1ea3nh, \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201c X\u01b0a v\u00e0 Nay\u201d, s\u1ed1 406, th\u00e1ng 6.2012.<\/p>\n

(8)<\/b> \u201c\u0110\u0103ng c\u1ed5 t\u00f9ng b\u00e1o\u201d ra s\u1ed1 1 ng\u00e0y 28.3.1907 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. So v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u1edd b\u00e1o ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam, th\u00ec \u201c\u0110\u0103ng c\u1ed5 t\u00f9ng b\u00e1o\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i <\/i>– Th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Vi\u1ec7t Nam – NXB Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia 1998.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2012<\/p>\n

BBT tannamtu.com.vn<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n B\u00ecnh<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  BBT website Tannamtu th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt xin l\u1ed7i v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n 100 n\u0103m ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u1edd b\u00e1o. Sau b\u00e0i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":758,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52,11,47],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/121005_dongduongtapchi_thumb.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/759"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=759"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/759\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":760,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/759\/revisions\/760"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=759"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}