{"id":443,"date":"2012-06-03T16:30:00","date_gmt":"2012-06-03T09:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.levent.com.vn\/?p=443"},"modified":"2014-08-15T11:28:40","modified_gmt":"2014-08-15T04:28:40","slug":"cuoc-van-dong-doi-moi-van-ha-viet-nam-dau-the-ky-xx-qua-dng-duong-tap-ch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/?p=443","title":{"rendered":"Cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u0103n hóa Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX qua \u0110ông D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p chí"},"content":{"rendered":"

(VH-NN) – \u201cCu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u TK.XX qua \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed\u201d<\/i><\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc sinh vi\u00ean do sinh vi\u00ean Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ecb Thanh Loan (sinh vi\u00ean Khoa V\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ec7 C\u1eed nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng kh\u00f3 2007-2011) th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a PGS. TS \u0110o\u00e0n L\u00ea Giang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i Ba C\u1ea5p B\u1ed9 n\u0103m 2010. VH-NN xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u M\u1ee5c <\/em>3.2 \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi phong t\u1ee5c.<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"120603_dongduongtapchi5_thumb.jpg\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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Phong t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo. Hay n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n, phong t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u1ebft \u0103n, n\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Phong t\u1ee5c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i hay v\u00e0 c\u00e1i d\u1edf. Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n th\u00ec c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c h\u1ee7 l\u1eadu. \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi v\u0103n minh, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u1eafm vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c h\u1ee7 l\u1eadu \u1ea5y. C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c Duy T\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u201cKhai d\u00e2n tr\u00ed – Ch\u1ea5n d\u00e2n kh\u00ed – H\u1eadu d\u00e2n sinh\u201d. V\u1eady th\u00ec \u201cKhai d\u00e2n tr\u00ed\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u1ea5y. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 h\u1ee7 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khai tr\u00ed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y, \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi phong t\u1ee5c. \u1ede v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb s\u1ed1 6 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 29, \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u0103ng lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i X\u00c9T T\u1eacT M\u00ccNH c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u1ebft x\u1ea5u, c\u00e1c h\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ta, l\u1ea5y c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a danh s\u0129 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p E. Zola trong cu\u1ed1n Le Dr. Pascal l\u00e0m ti\u00eau ch\u00ed : \u201cTout dire, pour tout connaitre, pour tout gu\u00e9rir\u201d (N\u00f3i h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa h\u1ebft). Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cC\u00e1i v\u0103n-minh \u00c2u-ch\u00e2u cao h\u01a1n ta, l\u00e0 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u-ch\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau d\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft d\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u00e9t h\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng\u201d<\/em>, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u suy x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u0103n nguy\u00ean, t\u00ecm ra c\u0103n nguy\u00ean r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh. \u201cTa ch\u1edb n\u00ean l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng, m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1eb9n th\u00f2 \u0111\u00e0nh ch\u1ebft h\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i d\u1edf n\u01a1i tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho th\u1ea7y xem\u201d<\/em>. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ec1u sinh ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 trong \u201ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4n, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ri\u00eang khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1edbn l\u00ean lu\u00f4n mang t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ecb th\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m n\u00f3i l\u00ean hai ti\u1ebfng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d.<\/em> (\u0110.D.T.C,s\u1ed1 6). R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ta. N\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u1ed1i h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ta th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u1ee7 b\u1ea1i, quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh n\u1eb1m trong tay b\u1ecdn t\u1ed5ng l\u00fd, k\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u00fam, h\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch (s\u1ed1 7). \u0110\u1ebfn c\u00e1i t\u00ednh \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ta, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m quan th\u00ec c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp, \u201cm\u1ed9t \u00f4ng quan l\u1edbn, \u00edt ra l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edd v\u1ea3, \u0103n h\u1ea1i, trong nh\u00e0 t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01a1i h\u1ecfi th\u0103m, ho\u1eb7c xin vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec tr\u00e1ch n\u00e0o l\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u00e0-n\u01b0\u1edbc chi bao nhi\u00eau c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, tr\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f4ng v\u00e0o thi\u00ean-l\u1ed9c\u201d.<\/em>(s\u1ed1 8). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3n l\u1eadn, hay gian, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i: quan l\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u1ea7m c\u00e1n c\u00e2n c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, c\u1ed1t gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c cho d\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng chuy\u00ean \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i; d\u00e2n ta th\u00ec ngu mu\u1ed9i, t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u00edt m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u d\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111i ki\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t tr\u00e2u m\u1ea5t b\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa th\u00f9 ri\u00eang, quan l\u1ea1i th\u00ec x\u1eed ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i (s\u1ed1 9). \u00d4ng c\u00f2n n\u00eau ra l\u1eafm t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u trong \u0103n u\u1ed1ng: \u201cnh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ebft cha, t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft n\u1eb1m trong quan t\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3c r\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7m tr\u00e2u b\u00e1n ru\u1ed9ng, v\u1ee3 lo m\u01b0\u1ee3n n\u1ed3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n ni\u00eau, th\u00e2n h\u00e0o k\u1ef3 l\u00e3o th\u00ec th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ng\u1ed3i nh\u00ecn nhau \u0111\u1ee3i m\u00e2m nai r\u01b0\u1ee3u cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d<\/em> (s\u1ed1 10); n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1eadt l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a ta, h\u1ecdc cho c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m cho c\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (s\u1ed1 11); n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u00f3i t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u0103ng nh\u0103ng, m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i l\u00e0m cho ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c g\u00ec l\u1edbn lao (s\u1ed1 13); n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0103n m\u1eb7c khi\u1ebfm nh\u00e3, \u0111i ch\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n, \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n t\u1ea3 t\u01a1i, gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee3 c\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0ng cho con b\u00fa d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m l\u1ecbch thi\u1ec7p, v\u0103n minh (s\u1ed1 14); n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1eadt huy\u1ec1n-h\u1ed3 l\u00fd-t\u01b0\u1edfng : c\u1ee9 th\u00edch b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf T\u00e0u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u1ea7y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (s\u1ed1 15); n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ng\u1ed3i-th\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ganh \u0111ua trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. B\u1ea3o l\u00e0 lo cho v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh mai sau nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft suy t\u00ednh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 lo ng\u1ed3i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng n\u1ed7i ng\u1ed5n ngang r\u1ed3i th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 n\u1eb7ng, n\u00f3 kh\u00f3, ch\u01b0a m\u00f3 tay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu (s\u1ed1 16). V\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 \u201cG\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khen c\u0169ng c\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00ea c\u0169ng c\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ecm l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i (s\u1ed1 22); m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 c\u00fang v\u00e1i, b\u1eaft ma, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm mu\u1ed9n (s\u1ed1 19); \u201cV\u1ee5ng n\u00f3i truy\u1ec7n\u201d, hay n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00f4 l\u1ed7, t\u1ee5c t\u1eb1n, th\u00edch khoe khoang (s\u1ed1 21); ham c\u1edd b\u1ea1c r\u1ed3i sinh ra gian l\u1eadn, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, h\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (s\u1ed1 29),v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

M\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc qua, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh k\u1ec3 x\u1ea5u d\u00e2n ta m\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng suy ngh\u0129 cho c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u \u00f4ng n\u00eau ra kh\u00f4ng sai ch\u00fat n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, \u00edt ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m n\u00eau ra \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 s\u1eeda, ch\u1ee9 c\u1ee9 gi\u1ea5u di\u1ebfm th\u00ec c\u00e0ng t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Theo tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 5 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 52, \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed l\u1ea1i m\u1edf th\u00eam m\u1ee5c NH\u1edcI \u0110\u00c0N-B\u00c0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cx\u00e9t t\u1eadt m\u00ecnh\u201d nh\u01b0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m vi gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra nh\u1eefng n\u1ebft d\u1edf, th\u00f3i ngang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khi\u1ebfn cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y khi tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. N\u00e0o l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khi \u1ea5y \u0103n m\u1eb7c lu\u1ed9m thu\u1ed9m, kh\u00f4ng ch\u0103m ch\u00fat th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ec7 \u201c\u0111i h\u00e1t\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng (s\u1ed1 6). Trong c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y con, b\u00e0 th\u00ec la h\u00e9t inh \u1ecfi, h\u01a1i t\u00ed l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1eb3ng ch\u00e2n h\u1ea1 c\u1eb3ng tay, b\u00e0 th\u00ec qu\u00e1 \u00e2u y\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng cho con \u0111i h\u1ecdc v\u00ec s\u1ee3 n\u1eafng, s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111au, s\u1ee3 lao l\u1ef1c; c\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 con nheo nh\u00f3c \u0111\u00e2m ch\u00e1n n\u00ean b\u1ecf b\u00ea, ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng ch\u1eb3ng bao nhi\u00eau m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111i h\u00e1t, \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c, cho g\u00e1i; tr\u1ebb con th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y s\u1ebd noi theo (s\u1ed1 7). Trong vi\u1ec7c sinh \u0111\u1ebb th\u00ec m\u1ea5t v\u1ec7 sinh, tin \u1edf m\u1ea5y b\u00e0 m\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u1ed3i ki\u00eang khem nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0103n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n ngon; \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u00ec cho vi\u1ec7c sinh \u0111\u1ebb l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa, ra ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee3 anh em tr\u00eau ch\u1ecdc, ch\u00ea c\u01b0\u1eddi (s\u1ed1 8, 9). Trong c\u00e1ch \u0103n m\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u00ec ch\u01b0a nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa x\u1ec9 th\u00ec xa x\u1ec9 qu\u00e1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 xu\u1ec1nh xo\u00e0ng th\u00ec xu\u1ec1nh xo\u00e0ng qu\u00e1 (s\u1ed1 15). \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u00ec ham l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac sa s\u00fat th\u00ec con c\u00e1i nheo nh\u00f3c (s\u1ed1 22). N\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phong t\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i cho con g\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ch\u1ecb em m\u00e0 l\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1edf dang, h\u01b0 t\u00e1nh, ch\u01a1i b\u1eddi th\u00ec bao nhi\u00eau con g\u00e1i c\u0169ng h\u1ecfng c\u1ea3. Cha m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng mang ti\u1ebfng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, d\u1eabu nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con g\u00e1i kh\u00e1c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (s\u1ed1 21). L\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u1edbi xin th\u00ec cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e2u con ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5y, con g\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 (s\u1ed1 34). Ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, khinh b\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 (s\u1ed1 40), r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i n\u1ebft n\u00f3i b\u1ea9n, n\u00f3i t\u1ee5c \u201cch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc An nam ta\u201d (s\u1ed1 50),v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ed5 h\u1ee7 \u1ea5y, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf n\u00f3 \u0111i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean mua s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c sinh \u0111\u1ebb nu\u00f4i con \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i v\u0103n minh(s\u1ed1 12). Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n trau d\u1ed3i t\u00e0i, s\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1n (s\u1ed1 39). \u00d4ng c\u00f2n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n, l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng t\u1edd b\u00e1o l\u00e0m c\u01a1 quan v\u0103n h\u00f3a ri\u00eang cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef (s\u1ed1 40). C\u00f2n \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean h\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i n\u1ebft galanterie c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p, bi\u1ebft khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi tao nh\u00e3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft s\u1ee3, bi\u1ebft n\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i (s\u1ed1 33). \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 n\u1ecd v\u1ee3 kia m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng n\u00ean chui v\u00e0o ch\u1ed1n \u1ea5y l\u00e0m g\u00ec (s\u1ed1 52),v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, trong b\u00e0i k\u00fd s\u1ef1 H\u01af\u01a0NG S\u01a0N H\u00c0NH TR\u00ccNH (\u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 41 \u0111\u1ebfn 45) nh\u00e2n h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9a H\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u00f4ng V\u0129nh ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng An nam ta, \u201cth\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1edb t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n, n\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i, nhi\u1ec1u khi l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea3m, r\u1ea5t b\u1eady\u201d<\/em>. \u00d4ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1, xin con,\u2026Trong thi\u00ean k\u00fd s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y, l\u1eddi l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0o t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ta. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u01a1n ta l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi phong t\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 n\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u00e2m ra qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i PH\u1eacN L\u00c0M D\u00c2N (t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 48) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1ed1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n qu\u00ea m\u1ed7i khi t\u1edbi c\u1eeda c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fang t\u00fang, ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi. \u00d4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1nh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00f4n x\u00e3, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 huy\u1ec7n l\u00ean t\u1ec9nh, v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i \u0111\u00fat l\u00f3t, t\u00e2m l\u00fd hi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nha l\u1ea1i, tinh th\u1ea7n khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n khi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc CH\u1ec8NH \u0110\u1ed0N L\u1ea0I C\u00c1CH CAI TR\u1eca D\u00c2N X\u00c3 (t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 61). Thi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n B\u1eafc k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean. Khi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o cai tr\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, Ph\u00e1p v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e0ng\u201d, l\u00e0ng An nam c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 ri\u00eang m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh tuy ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7 b\u1ea1i trong l\u1ec7 l\u00e0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ecdn k\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c h\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch tranh nhau chi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1edbi chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i c\u1ed5ng l\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1ch v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i v\u0103n minh kh\u00f4ng cho l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n th\u00f4n\u201d.<\/em> \u00d4ng c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng tai h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: l\u00e0m h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i d\u00e2n tr\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 d\u00e2n sinh. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng : \u201cTi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ed1t \u1edf vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, vi\u1ec7c lo cho c\u00e1i th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i sung s\u01b0\u1edbng vui v\u1ebb, \u1edf c\u1eeda cao nh\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng, m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n l\u00e0nh \u00e1o s\u1ea1ch, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3 ngon b\u1ed5, ch\u01a1i b\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ecfa thu\u00ea th\u1ea7n tr\u00ed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 d\u01b0 d\u1eadt th\u00ec m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u1edf cao m\u1eb7c s\u1ea1ch, \u0103n ngon, u\u1ed1ng m\u00e1t, ch\u01a1i b\u1eddi cho ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n, luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp t\u00e2m tr\u00ed cho kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3m nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ngh\u00e8o nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n ta th\u00ec quanh n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 lo \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a xong. Nh\u00e0 r\u00e1ch v\u00e1ch n\u00e1t, c\u01a1m th\u00ec b\u1eefa khoai b\u1eefa \u0111\u1eadu, qu\u00fd h\u1ed3 nu\u1ed1t tr\u00f4i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3i m\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n ngon l\u00e0nh c\u00f2n s\u1ee3 hao ph\u00ed, th\u00ec ph\u1ecfng c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh g\u00ec, c\u00f2n luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, c\u00f2n ngh\u0129 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d<\/em> (s\u1ed1 64). Qua \u0111\u00f3, cho ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 am hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n ta th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng n\u00eau to\u1ea1c ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, tuy c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac l\u1eddi l\u1ebd h\u01a1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u00f4ng lo cho v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, suy x\u00e9t m\u00ecnh th\u00ec m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d4ng V\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n An Nam m\u00e0 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean l\u1eddi l\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 \u201ct\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u \u1ea5y, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00e0o bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, tuy n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng h\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ta. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c n\u00eau ra \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng V\u0129nh, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ta \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 x\u00e9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 xem sao \u00f4ng V\u0129nh l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng, hay l\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u00e0i b\u00e1c d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u201cnh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh\u201d, v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng V\u0129nh h\u00e1 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u00fat k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed3i \u01b0!<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, \u00f4ng Phan K\u1ebf B\u00ednh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho n\u1ec1n phong t\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. T\u1eeb s\u1ed1 24 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 49, \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed m\u1edf m\u1ee5c VI\u1ec6T NAM PHONG T\u1ee4C do \u00f4ng Phan K\u1ebf B\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m, tr\u00edch \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 phong t\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta, bao g\u1ed3m ba ph\u1ea7n: PHONG T\u1ee4C TRONG GIA T\u1ed8C (Cha m\u1eb9 v\u1edbi con; Anh ch\u1ecb em; Ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 t\u00f4n; \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0m con; Th\u1ea7n ho\u00e0ng; Tang ma; C\u1ea3i t\u00e1ng; V\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng;v.v\u2026.), PHONG T\u1ee4C H\u01af\u01a0NG \u0110\u1ea2NG (S\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n; Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ebf t\u1ef1; L\u1ec5 k\u1ef3 an; Ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n; Ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9; Vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c; L\u1ec5 khao v\u1ecdng; L\u1ec7 k\u00ednh bi\u1ebfu; \u0110\u0103ng khoa; Thu\u1ebf kh\u00f3a; Binh l\u00ednh; T\u1ea1p d\u1ecbch; v.v\u2026) v\u00e0 PHONG T\u1ee4C X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I (Vua t\u00f4i; Th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2; B\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n; Quan d\u00e2n; Ch\u1ee7, kh\u00e1ch; D\u00e2u gia; Nho gi\u00e1o; Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o; Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng; \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t; C\u00f4 h\u1ed3n; Nhu\u1ed9m r\u0103ng; \u0102n tr\u1ea7u; H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0o; H\u00e1t tu\u1ed3ng; H\u00e1t x\u1ea9m;v.v\u2026.)<\/p>\n

Phan K\u1ebf B\u00ednh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ta ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do T\u00e0u m\u00e0 ra. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ee5c c\u0169 ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec hay nh\u1eefng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ee7 b\u1ea1i. \u201c\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ta khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 v\u1ee5ng d\u1ea1i g\u00ec, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi th\u1ebf m\u1ed7i l\u00fac m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i th\u00ec c\u00e1i tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 khai h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5n t\u1edbi th\u00eam l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eebng. \u1ea4y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u201d.<\/em> Nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, \u00f4ng\u00a0 c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u1ee5c c\u0169 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. M\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i xem c\u00e1i g\u00ec qu\u00e1 t\u1ec7 m\u00e0 b\u1ecf b\u1edbt \u0111i, r\u1ed3i l\u00e2u l\u00e2u m\u1edbi \u0111em c\u00e1i t\u1ee5c hay m\u00e0 b\u1ecf h\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c t\u1ee5c d\u1edf. C\u00f2n t\u1ee5c g\u00ec hay m\u00e0 l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u00fay c\u1ee7a ta th\u00ec v\u1eabn n\u00ean gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y. \u201cSong mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft t\u1ee5c n\u00e0o hay t\u1ee5c n\u00e0o d\u1edf th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t t\u1ef1 g\u1ed1c t\u00edch c\u00e1i t\u1ee5c \u1ea5y\u201d. <\/em>Theo \u0111\u00f3, qua t\u1eebng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ea c\u1ee9u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam ta. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ee5c m\u1edbi, hay v\u00e0 n\u00ean theo.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u phong t\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh, \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed3i b\u1ed5 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a phong t\u1ee5c An Nam ta. T\u1eeb s\u1ed1 15 tr\u1edf \u0111i, \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed m\u1edf th\u00eam m\u1ee5c LU\u00c2N L\u00dd H\u1eccC do ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m. Lu\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc phong t\u1ee5c. M\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng V\u0129nh trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch lu\u00e2n l\u00fd tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00c2u ch\u00e2u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed1n \u201cNgh\u0129a v\u1ee5\u201d c\u1ee7a J. Simon, s\u00e1ch \u201cH\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc\u201d c\u1ee7a P. Janet, s\u00e1ch \u201cNgh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc\u201d c\u1ee7a Ferraz, s\u00e1ch \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n\u201d c\u1ee7a Victor Cousin, v.v\u2026Qua \u0111\u00f3, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 ta n\u00ean h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a An nam ta. Qua s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y v\u00e0 ta \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh: \u201c\u2026m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00f4 con g\u00e1i m\u01a1n m\u1edfn \u0111ang xu\u00e2n, \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n \u00f3ng chu\u1ed1t , c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t b\u00ean t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tu\u1ed5i, \u0103n m\u1eb7c l\u00f4i th\u00f4i, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn.\u201d (Ng\u1eabm ngh\u0129 v\u00e0i c\u00e2u v\u1ec1 \u00c2u-\u00c1 v\u0103n-minh,<\/em> Th\u00e1i-ki\u1ebfn-Quang, \u0110.D.T.C, s\u1ed1 37). Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u00ean n\u00e0o h\u01a1n b\u00ean n\u00e0o, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ri\u00eang, l\u00e0m n\u00ean c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. M\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 xem th\u1eed c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t trong hai n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u1ea5y ra m\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho ta. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i so s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n theo nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 ta v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tu\u1ed5i\u201d nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u201c\u0103n m\u1eb7c l\u00f4i th\u00f4i\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 v\u00ed v\u0103n-minh \u00c1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ee5m tr\u00fac, v\u0103n-minh \u00c2u nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y b\u00ed. C\u1ee5m tr\u00fac \u1ea5y l\u00e2u nh\u1edbn; nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u, c\u00e2y gi\u00e0 ch\u01b0a l\u1ee5i, m\u0103ng non \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecdc. M\u00e0 d\u00e2y b\u00ed th\u00ec s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh g\u1edbm ghi\u1ebfc, m\u1ecdc lan \u0111i xa, l\u00e1 nh\u1edbn, hoa to, qu\u1ea3 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i mau t\u1ed1t\u2026ta n\u00ean xem tr\u00fac c\u00f3 l\u00e1 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4, ta nh\u1eb7t \u0111i, c\u00e0nh n\u00e0o gai g\u00f3c, v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00edt, ta ch\u1eb7t \u0111i, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed7 cho b\u00ed leo. B\u00ed c\u00f3 lan ra ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng tr\u00fac, v\u00ec l\u1ef1c tr\u00fac m\u1ea1nh, r\u1ec5 tr\u00fac c\u1ee9ng. Ta c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u00ed leo, hoa b\u00ed trang s\u1ee9c cho ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb9p, qu\u1ea3 b\u00ed cho ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f3n \u0103n ngon\u201d (Ng\u1eabm ngh\u0129 v\u00e0i c\u00e2u v\u1ec1 \u00c2u-\u00c1 v\u0103n-minh,<\/em> Th\u00e1i-ki\u1ebfn-Quang, \u0110.D.T.C, s\u1ed1 38). Theo tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea5y, \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u0103m l\u1ea1i \u201ctr\u00fac\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u201cl\u00e1 kh\u00f4\u201d, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u201cd\u00e2y b\u00ed\u201d leo v\u00e0o th\u00e2n \u201ctr\u00fac\u201d. \u1ea4y th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi phong t\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi phong t\u1ee5c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi v\u0103n minh, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn hai ch\u1eef v\u0103n minh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ec5. \u00d4ng Phan K\u1ebf B\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng : \u201c\u0110\u1eebng n\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 v\u0103n-minh, m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u0103n-minh! \u0110\u1eebng n\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00e1ch \u0103n-m\u1eb7c l\u1ecbch-s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 v\u0103n-minh, m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0103n-m\u1eb7c l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u0103n-minh! \u0110\u1eebng n\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00ean xe xu\u1ed1ng ng\u1ef1a l\u00e0 v\u0103n-minh, m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh l\u00ean xe xu\u1ed1ng ng\u1ef1a c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u0103n-minh! \u0110\u1eebng n\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea7u cao g\u00e1c r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 v\u0103n-minh, m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh l\u1ea7u cao g\u00e1c r\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u0103n-minh\u201d.<\/em> D\u00e2n ta m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng ra l\u00e0 n\u00f3i ch\u1eef v\u0103n-minh nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee7 l\u1eadu : \u201c\u0110\u1ea7u h\u00fai t\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169, gi\u1ea7y t\u00e2y \u00e1o d\u1ea1 b\u1ea3nh bao m\u00e0 h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1n mai; tay c\u1ea7m s\u00e1ch mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef duy t\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u1edd b\u1ea1c r\u01b0\u1ee3u tr\u00e8 v\u1eabn th\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh. Ch\u1ed7 h\u01b0\u01a1ng-th\u00f4n th\u00ec tuy c\u00f3 g\u1ed9i nhu\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e2n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebb v\u00ec kh\u1ea9u gi\u1ea7u mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt tranh ki\u1ec7n nhau v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u. B\u1ef1c s\u0129-ho\u1ea1n th\u00ec tuy \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 n\u1ebft gian tham c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a d\u1ee9t. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed3m ra n\u00f3i ch\u1eef v\u0103n-minh th\u00ec v\u0103n-minh c\u00e1i g\u00ec?\u201d<\/em>. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng : \u201cG\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u0103n-minh \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e2u n\u0103m ch\u1ea7y th\u00e1ng, d\u00f9ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u0103n-minh n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd\u2026D\u00e2n ta b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y v\u0103n-minh m\u1edbi gi\u1ed3ng, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i vun x\u1edbi, b\u00f3n t\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u\u201d.<\/em> (Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u0103n-minh<\/em>, \u0110.D.T.C, s\u1ed1 35). V\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng V\u0129nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o c\u00e1i c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u201cl\u00e2u n\u0103m ch\u1ea7y th\u00e1ng\u201d \u1ea5y v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ea7y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi phong t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0a d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi v\u0103n minh. \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 ti\u00ean phong \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i phong tr\u00e0o \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111i sau ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. V\u0103n minh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi phong t\u1ee5c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f4m nay, tuy phong t\u1ee5c ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp \u0111\u00e0 v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Qua s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o n\u00e0y x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan v\u0103n h\u00f3a ti\u1ec1n phong c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee4C L\u1ee4C<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00d3M T\u1eaeT C\u00d4NG TR\u00ccNH<\/strong> 1<\/p>\n

M\u1ede \u0110\u1ea6U\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00ednh c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a\u00a0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i 3<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u 4<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 5<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i 7<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u 7<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG 1<\/strong><\/p>\n

GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U TU\u1ea6N B\u00c1O <\/strong>\u0110\u00d4NG D\u01af\u01a0NG T\u1ea0P CH\u00cd<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n

1.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/strong> 8<\/p>\n

1.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><\/em>H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a <\/strong>\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed<\/b><\/em> 13<\/p>\n

1.2.1.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed<\/em> 13<\/p>\n

1.2.2.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed<\/em> 14<\/p>\n

1.3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><\/em>Ban bi\u00ean t\u1eadp <\/strong>\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed<\/b><\/em> 15<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG 2<\/strong><\/p>\n

CU\u1ed8C V\u1eacN \u0110\u1ed8NG \u0110\u1ed4I M\u1edaI N\u1ec0N V\u0102N H\u1eccC \u2013 H\u1eccC THU\u1eacT VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0110\u1ea6U TH\u1ebe K\u1ef6 XX TR\u00caN <\/strong>\u0110\u00d4NG D\u01af\u01a0NG T\u1ea0P CH\u00cd<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n

2.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/strong> 24<\/p>\n

2.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt<\/strong> 35<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG 3<\/strong><\/p>\n

CU\u1ed8C V\u1eacN \u0110\u1ed8NG \u0110\u1ed4I M\u1edaI GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C V\u00c0 PHONG T\u1ee4C VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0110\u1ea6U TH\u1ebe K\u1ef6 XX TR\u00caN <\/strong>\u0110\u00d4NG D\u01af\u01a0NG T\u1ea0P CH\u00cd<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n

3.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/strong> 40<\/p>\n

3.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi phong t\u1ee5c<\/strong> 47<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG 4<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00c1NH GI\u00c1 V\u1ec0 V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110\u1ed4I M\u1edaI V\u0102N H\u00d3A VI\u1ec6T NAM TR\u00caN <\/strong>\u0110\u00d4NG D\u01af\u01a0NG T\u1ea0P CH\u00cd<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n

4.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1945<\/strong> 56<\/p>\n

4.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975<\/strong> 60<\/p>\n

4.2.1.\u00a0 \u1ede mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc 61<\/p>\n

4.2.2.\u00a0 \u1ede mi\u1ec1n Nam 63<\/p>\n

4.3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1975 \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/strong> 65<\/p>\n

4.3.1.\u00a0 Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c 65<\/p>\n

4.3.2.\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed<\/em> 66<\/p>\n

K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN \u2013 KI\u1ebeN NGH\u1eca <\/strong>69<\/p>\n

T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/strong><\/p>\n

PH\u1ee4 L\u1ee4C<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ban bi\u00ean t\u1eadp \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e0i d\u1eabn: http:\/\/khoavanhoc-ngonngu.edu.vn\/home\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2010%3Acuc-vn-ng-i-mi-vn-hoa-vit-nam-u-th-k-xx-qua-ong-dng-tp-chi&catid=120%3Alun-vn-ca-ncs-hvch-a-sv&Itemid=186&lang=vi<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(VH-NN) – \u201cCu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u TK.XX qua \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc sinh vi\u00ean do sinh vi\u00ean Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ecb Thanh Loan (sinh vi\u00ean Khoa V\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ec7 C\u1eed nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng kh\u00f3 2007-2011) th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":442,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[32,31],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/120603_dongduongtapchi5_thumb.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/443"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=443"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/443\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1411,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/443\/revisions\/1411"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=443"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=443"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}