{"id":345,"date":"2012-05-30T13:14:00","date_gmt":"2012-05-30T06:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.levent.com.vn\/?p=345"},"modified":"2014-08-15T10:47:59","modified_gmt":"2014-08-15T03:47:59","slug":"komatsu-kiyoshi-v-cuoc-ti-ngo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/?p=345","title":{"rendered":"Komatsu Kiyoshi và Cu\u1ed9c tái ng\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t – Nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1945 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u, Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch th\u01a1, truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n nh\u01b0 H\u00e0n M\u1eb7c T\u1eed, V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n K\u00fd, Nguy\u1ec5n Giang. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn qua b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Komatsu Kiyoshi (Toho xb, Tokyo, 1942). \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Komatsu Kiyoshi d\u1ecbch Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u ra ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n Giang. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh Nguy\u1ec5n Giang \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Komatsu Kiyoshi ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Komatsu Kiyoshi v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Giang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t – Nh\u1eadt qua d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

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1. Komatsu Kiyoshi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201cduy\u00ean n\u1ee3\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n

Komatsu Kiyoshi \u5c0f \u677e \u6e05 (1) sinh ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1900 t\u1ea1i Kobe, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. N\u0103m 1921 \u00f4ng sang Ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1. V\u1ec1 sau do quen bi\u1ebft Andr\u00e9 Malraux, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m sang \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p. N\u0103m 1931, \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a A. Malraux v\u00e0 A. Gide \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng Ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. N\u0103m 1937, Komatsu tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o H\u00f4chi Shinbun t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e1o l\u1edbn \u1edf Nh\u1eadt, l\u00e0m bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean cho t\u1ea1p san Nichi – Futsu Bunka (V\u0103n ho\u00e1 Nh\u1eadt – Ph\u00e1p) \u1edf Paris. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i Malraux v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean g\u1eb7p Andr\u00e9 Gide. Komatsu \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Retour de L\u00b4 URSS (T\u1eeb Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1) c\u1ee7a Gide sang ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt (Xb.1937). Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1940 (2), khi Paris c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1eadp nh\u1eadt k\u00fd Chinmoku no senshi – Senjika no Pari (Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 tr\u1ea7m m\u1eb7c – nh\u1eadt k\u00fd Paris th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn). Chi\u1ebfn tranh Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, Komatsu b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch Nh\u1eadt b\u1eaft giam m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian v\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t x\u00edt. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng qua \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. N\u0103m 1946, Komatsu tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1962.<\/p>\n

Komatsu Kiyoshi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p ra ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Les Conqu\u00e9rants, La voie royale, Le Temps du m\u00e9pris, La Condition Humaine c\u1ee7a Andre\u2019Malraux,\u2026 Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a V\u0129nh S\u00ednh: \u201cm\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201ckyo\u201d – nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m La Condition Humaine (\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) c\u1ee7a Malraux – ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Komatsu Kiyoshi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Chu \u00c2n Lai nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng. (\u2026) M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt; \u1edf Paris v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1922 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh (l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c), v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Malraux: anh t\u00ean l\u00e0 Kyo Komatsu.\u201d(3).<\/p>\n

Komatsu Kiyoshi l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u201cduy\u00ean n\u1ee3\u201d v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong th\u1eddi gian du h\u1ecdc \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, Komatsu l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n Giang (1910-1969). \u00d4ng t\u1eebng nghe Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c (1890-1969) di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba(4). N\u0103m 1941, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Komatsu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi K\u1ef3 Ngo\u1ea1i H\u1ea7u C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ec3 (1882-1951) l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u vong \u1edf Nh\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho Komatsu nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110inh M\u1ea1nh Tho\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng 7 th\u00e1ng l\u00e0m th\u01b0 k\u00fd cho Komatsu \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa \u00f4ng Tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Komatsu v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i \u1edf s\u1ea3nh vila s\u1ed1 II ph\u1ed1 Colombert, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n (nay l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i V\u0103n Lung). Trong cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 Komatsu \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, Nguy\u1ec5n Giang, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p, Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch, Th\u00e1i V\u0103n Lung, Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ea5n Ph\u00e1t, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u1ecd. Komatsu \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9. Khi Komatsu h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng Tho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ai kh\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng Tho\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft \u00edt qu\u00e1 v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u1ea5p \u00fang cho qua chuy\u1ec7n. B\u1ea5t ng\u1edd Komatsu \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u1eadt d\u1eady \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00ecnh qua b\u00e0n m\u00e2y. Hai tay \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o vai t\u00f4i (\u0110inh M\u1ea1nh Tho\u1ea1i – PMH). Gi\u1ecdng c\u00e1u k\u1ec9nh, \u00f4ng d\u1eb1n t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfng: \u00d4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a con n\u00edt. L\u00e0 lyc\u00e9en (h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc) tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ee3, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u1eefa, v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 l\u1eafm v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c? \u00d4ng th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e1ch! (\u2026) Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn lao cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00f4ng. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c! (\u2026) \u0110\u1ebfn nay, h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u00f4i qua, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn nh\u1edb nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Kyoshi Komatsu v\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i h\u00f4m \u1ea5y. Nh\u1edb nh\u01b0 in n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t \u00f4ng, v\u1ee5t c\u00e1u k\u1ec9nh xong l\u1ea1i ngu\u00f4i. Nh\u1edb r\u00e0nh r\u1ecdt nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u00f4ng n\u00f3i, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1eadt ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y l\u00f2ng th\u1ed1t ra. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ea3nh vila r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp nho\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.\u201d(5).<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1942, Komatsu Kiyoshi \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n Vi\u1ec7n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Nh\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Theo David G. Marr: \u201cKomatsu Kiyoshi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt, t\u1eebng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Komatsu \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d(6) C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Komatsu Kiyoshi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao. Christopher E. Goscha cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cSau khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, th\u00e1ng 11-1945 Komatsu \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u2018U\u1ef7 ban qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf chi vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam DCCH\u2019.\u201d(7)Komatsu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh U\u1ef7 ban n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Komaki Oomiya, Solovieff, Allen, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 t\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u00e0i tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u201cU\u1ef7 ban qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam DCCH\u201d l\u00e0 gi\u00fap Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u1ea1i giao trong l\u00fac ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao Nh\u1eadt, m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1941, Komatsu Kiyoshi \u0111i du l\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i Nguy\u1ec5n Giang sau 10 n\u0103m xa c\u00e1ch, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbchTruy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh (1882-1936), th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n Giang. Komatsu \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u ra ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u ra ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Kim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u do Nxb \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1ea3o xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1942 (Chi\u00eau Ho\u00e0 th\u1ee9 17). (8) B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Komatsu Kiyoshi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 3 b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p: b\u1ea3n in s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch\u201d (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch s\u00e1t ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 Komatsu t\u1eebng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9: \u201cm\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eb7n r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch qu\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1eeda\u201d) c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Crayssac (Ren\u00e9 Crayssac: Nguy\u1ec5n Du – Kim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u, traduit en vers fran\u00e7ais, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, L\u00ea V\u0103n T\u00e2n, 1926). V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ed1 Trung Hoa v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Nh\u1eadt l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e1i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. Komatsu cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1eb7p Nguy\u1ec5n Giang, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u qua b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, r\u1ed3i d\u1ecbch Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ck\u1ef3 duy\u00ean\u201d. N\u01a1i l\u1eddi b\u1ea1t, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf:<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 duy\u00ean th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Kim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Giang, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y ra ti\u1ebfng An Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a anh: m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gia l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc An Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i – Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n d\u1eabu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u1edd c\u1eady, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eddKim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2018c\u00e1i b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a An Nam\u2019, \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd t\u1edbi.\u201d(9).<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u qua Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n nh\u01b0ng Komatsu ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1ecb v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Komatsu Kiyoshi d\u1ecbch Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra bu\u1ed5i to\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e0m v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o Asahi shimbun (b\u1ea3n Tokyo) t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 11 k\u1ef3 t\u1eeb 10\/8\/1941 \u0111\u1ec1n 18\/8\/1941. Bu\u1ed5i to\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e0m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Kawaguchi Kenichi:<\/p>\n

\u201cBu\u1ed5i to\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 \u2018t\u00edt\u2019 \u2018Kim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01a1 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi Truy\u1ec7n Genji\u2019. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n (\u2026) Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p Komatsu Kiyoshi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong bu\u1ed5i to\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ecbch Kim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u ra ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt (\u2026) Komatsu Kiyoshi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Kim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: \u2018T\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng.\u2019 Trong bu\u1ed5i to\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e0m th\u1ee9 2, Komatsu n\u00f3i: \u2018N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung nh\u1ea5t, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01a1 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean Kim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam\u2019.\u201d(10).<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u, Komatsu Kiyoshi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch n\u00f3 ra ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt trong v\u00f2ng s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n: \u201cC\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1ea5p \u1ee7 trong tim \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n h\u1eefu Nh\u1eadt – Vi\u1ec7t th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh cho t\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3.\u201d (11).<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u ra ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t hay, duy\u00ean v\u0103n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a Komatsu Kiyoshi g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y cho \u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: Vetonamu (Vi\u1ec7t Nam: n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ec3 v\u00e0 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u) v\u00e0 Vetonamu no chi (M\u00e1u Vi\u1ec7t Nam – t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n).<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Komatsu Kiyoshi vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p sau l\u1ea7n g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i Nguy\u1ec5n Giang t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1941 sau 10 n\u0103m xa c\u00e1ch. Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai trong vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n Vi\u1ec7n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Nh\u1eadt, Komatsu Kiyoshi \u0111\u00e3 trao cho Nguy\u1ec5n Giang t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9. Nguy\u1ec5n Giang \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 tr\u00ean Trung B\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt n\u0103m 1944 – 1945.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n, duy\u00ean v\u0103n t\u1ef1 gi\u1eefa Komatsu Kiyoshi v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Giang, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u \u201cduy\u00ean n\u1ee3\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n ho\u00e1, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t – Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX.<\/p>\n

2. Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 – b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Giang<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Giang (1910-1969) l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, anh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p (1914-1938). Nguy\u1ec5n Giang t\u1eebng sang Ph\u00e1p du h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m th\u01a1. T\u1eadp th\u01a1 Tr\u1eddi xanh th\u1eb3m (1935) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ho\u00e0i Thanh (1909-1982) b\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec3n trong Thi nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1942). Nguy\u1ec5n Giang \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Phan (1907-1987) \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (1942). T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u00f4ng d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3: Danh v\u0103n \u00c2u M\u1ef9 (t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Edgar Poe, Alfred de Musset, Victor Hugo, Alfed de Vigny, Pierre de Ronsard, Charles Baudelaire, F\u00e9lix Arvers) (1936); Gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng h\u00e8 c\u1ee7a Shakespeare (1937), M\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec7t (Macbeth) k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Shakespeare (1938) v\u00e0 H\u00e2m Li\u1ec7t (Hamlet) k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Shakespeare (1938), Andromaquec\u1ee7a Racine (1939), Hernani c\u1ee7a V. Hugo (1939);\u2026 Nguy\u1ec5n Giang l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edbm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00c2u M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean t\u1edd Trung B\u1eafc t\u00e2n v\u0103n, v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c Danh v\u0103n \u00c2u M\u1ef9 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch v\u0103n v\u00e0 v\u0103n d\u1ecbch. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m d\u1ecbch c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u1ecbch \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Trung B\u1eafc t\u00e2n v\u0103n n\u0103m 1936 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n Giang t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p in th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch nhan \u0111\u1ec1 Danh v\u0103n \u00c2u M\u1ef9 trong t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch \u00c2u T\u00e2y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong Danh v\u0103n \u00c2u M\u1ef9, b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

\u201cS\u1edf d\u0129 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn xa x\u00f4i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch v\u0103n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch v\u0103n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam ta hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd, v\u00f4 \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u theo m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i ri\u00eang th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh ra m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 li\u00ean can m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 (\u2026) Trong khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ecbch nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i v\u0103n trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i tin r\u1eb1ng: c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc, v\u1eeba hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam c\u00e1i hay c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0.\u201d (12).<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Giang d\u1ecbch Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Komatsu Kiyoshi c\u0169ng trong tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea5y<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean Trung B\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt (13) kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 208 (25 Juin 1944) \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 213 (30 Juillet 1944) th\u00ec d\u1eebng, \u0111\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 223 (8 Octobre 1944) \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 234 (1 Janvier 1945) th\u00ec ng\u1eebng, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 236 (17 Janvier 1945) v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf s\u1ed1 237 (21 Janvier 1945). T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u0103ng trong 20 s\u1ed1 (14) Trung B\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt, m\u1ed7i s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh 3 ho\u1eb7c 4 trang (kh\u1ed5 19 \u00d7 27 cm).<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 208, to\u00e0 so\u1ea1n Trung B\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Komatsu:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00d4ng K. Komatu (sic), c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n vi\u1ec7n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Nh\u1eadt, c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 T. B. C. N. v\u1eeba g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp truy\u1ec7n nhan \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 do \u00f4ng Gi\u1ea3ng Nguy\u00ean d\u1ecbch s\u1eb5n c\u1eady \u0111\u0103ng. T. B. C. N. vui l\u00f2ng in truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t v\u0103n t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u ra ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Komatu \u0111\u00e3 in th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n gi\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt hoan ngh\u00eanh h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ecdc \u00f4ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd m\u1ebfn \u00f4ng ngay, v\u00ec l\u1ed1i v\u0103n, v\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u00e1i v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p h\u01a1n v\u00ec xem \u00f4ng Komatu ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p.\u201d(15).<\/p>\n

Mang h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 c\u00f3 c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u. Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t du h\u1ecdc sinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u00e1p, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 hai m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh: m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef Ph\u00e1p t\u00ean H\u00e9l\u00e8ne, con m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1edd t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u00e9l\u00e8ne, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc, c\u00f3 ch\u00fat ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m trong ngh\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1 v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ec m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 x\u1ea9y ra trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i chia tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt. Sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp sang \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u0169 h\u1ed3i \u1edf Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 L\u00ea V\u0103n Th\u00e1i. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00ea V\u0103n Th\u00e1i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean, thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c giao thi\u1ec7p b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi L\u00ea V\u0103n Th\u00e1i, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc \u1edf Paris l\u00e0 Hayashi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh x\u01b0a c\u0169.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 giao thoa, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa v\u0103n xu\u00f4i h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u (fiction) v\u00e0 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i phi h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u (non-fiction). Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 phi h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt khi trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong n\u1ed9i dung Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: \u201cTh\u01b0a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, truy\u1ec7n Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111o\u00e1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eefa, v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i k\u1ec3 to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00edn ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadt (PMH in nghi\u00eang) m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n th\u1eadt h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, b\u1edfi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n m\u00e3i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u00e2u k\u00edn.\u201d (16) Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n khi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n L\u00ea V\u0103n Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1 \u1edf khu Montparnasse, Paris cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1920, hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i:<\/p>\n

\u201cGia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 anh th\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m l\u1edbn trong n\u01b0\u1edbc anh. Th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn b\u00fat l\u1eaby l\u1eebng trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i. Sinh th\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ti\u00ean phong c\u00f3 k\u1ef3 t\u00e0i trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt c\u00e1c \u00e1ng v\u0103n hay n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u1eefa. \u00d4ng th\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed Trung Hoa v\u00e0 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1i v\u0103n ho\u00e1 H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tay h\u0103ng h\u00e1i m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m trong s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00c2u T\u00e2y. \u00d4ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp t\u1edd b\u00e1o C\u1ed3 Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1edd t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 hai t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 canh t\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd.\u201d (17)<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy lu\u1eadn L\u00ea V\u0103n Th\u00e1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Giang v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha c\u1ee7a L\u00ea V\u0103n Th\u00e1i trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n v\u1eeba d\u1eabn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. L\u1eddi b\u1ea1t Kim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Komatsu \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec5n Giang khi d\u1ecbch Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd l\u00e1i th\u00e0nh Gi\u1ea3ng Nguy\u00ean. Hay vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00f4i sang Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1edbi Paris v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu n\u0103m 1921. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, n\u00ean t\u00f4i nh\u1edb k\u1ef9, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y sau h\u00f4m t\u1edbi Paris, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd run r\u1ee7i, t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp c\u00f4ng khai. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i giao du trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u00e1p (\u2026) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadt m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ng\u1ea7n n\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0103n r\u1ea5t \u00edt, ng\u1ee7 r\u1ea5t \u00edt, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. M\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n th\u1ee3 ph\u1ee5 trong x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e1y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o b\u00e0n vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch (\u2026) Hai ba l\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbp nghe anh ta n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, l\u1eddi l\u1ebd r\u1ea5t tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n. Anh l\u00e0m tr\u1ee3 b\u00fat cho nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o v\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o \u1edf Paris b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9 ng\u1ed3i nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i m\u00e0 g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. T\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1edb m\u00e3i m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, anh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01a1i t\u00f4i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1921 (\u2026) Khi \u1ea5y anh \u0111ang \u1edf h\u1ed9 M\u00e9nilimeniant m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u00ec \u1edf h\u1ed9 Montparnasse (\u2026) Bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, anh mang l\u1ea1i t\u1eb7ng t\u00f4i t\u1eadp kh\u00e1i lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a anh vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p in t\u1ea1i Paris. Anh vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i m\u1ea5y l\u1eddi th\u00e2n t\u1eb7ng v\u00e0o ngay b\u00eca s\u00e1ch. T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t anh m\u1ed9t tia s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7i vui m\u1eebng ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m trong l\u00f2ng.\u201d(18)<\/p>\n

Qua s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u V\u0129nh S\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Komatsu Kiyoshi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c(19). V\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i danh t\u00ednh, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau t\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1, Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt \u1edf ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i quan (introspection). Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng, chi ph\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt – t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 chung ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y, do v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eafm b\u1eaft trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t cao. C\u00e1i t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n, theo \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i ra c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt \u1edf ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1i T\u00f4i – ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh T\u00f4i qua c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn h\u1ed3i c\u1ed1, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m g\u1eafn v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian Paris h\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX – m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i xung quanh c\u00e1c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 trong Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n linh ho\u1ea1t, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, hay vi\u1ec7c g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u0169 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean c\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u00e1p kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1o cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ed3ng hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa Komatsu Kiyoshi v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Giang trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng trang vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n thu\u1ef7 chung trong s\u00e1ng. Qua \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t, Nh\u1eadt khao kh\u00e1t h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 mang s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 cho x\u1ee9 s\u1edf khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi khoa h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

_____________<\/p>\n

(1)\u00a0 Vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Komatsu Kiyoshi, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh: c\u1ee7a V\u0129nh S\u00ednh: M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf Ph\u00e1p (T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed X\u01b0a v\u00e0 Nay, s\u1ed1 27, ra th\u00e1ng 5-1996) v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n L\u00ea Giang: Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u v\u00e0 Kim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u Truy\u1ec7n \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, (T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1 12-1999). B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a V\u0129nh S\u00ednh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Komatsu Kiyoshi trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf Ph\u00e1p qua t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec7n Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00eanTrung B\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n L\u00ea Giang gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Komatsu Kiyoshi. Ngo\u00e0i hai b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00eau tr\u00ean, B\u00e0i b\u1ea1t Kim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Komatsu Kiyoshi do \u0110o\u00e0n L\u00ea Giang d\u1ecbch (T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1 11-2004) \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 Komatsu Kiyoshi v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1eeba k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

(2) David G. Marr trong Vietnam 1945: the quest for power (University of California Press, Berkeley. Los Angeles. London, 1995. p. 84-85) cho r\u1eb1ng: N\u0103m 1940, Komatsu Kiyoshi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Paris. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ghi theo V\u0129nh S\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ea5y h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

(3), (4), (19) Xin Xem: V\u0129nh S\u00ednh: M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed X\u01b0a v\u00e0 Nay, s\u1ed1 27, ra th\u00e1ng 5-1996, tr.19-21.<\/p>\n

(5) \u0110inh M\u1ea1nh Tho\u1ea1i: Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Kyoshi Komatsu v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed X\u01b0a v\u00e0 Nay, s\u1ed1 129, ra th\u00e1ng 12-2002, tr.16.<\/p>\n

(6) David G. Marr: Vietnam 1945: the quest for power, University of California Press, Berkeley. Los Angeles. London, 1995. p.85. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Komatsu Kiyoshi trong B\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m n\u00f3i l\u00e1o c\u1ee7a V\u0169 B\u1eb1ng (t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n, Nxb V\u0103n ho\u00e1 Th\u00f4ng tin, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2001, tr.202-212, m\u1ee5c: Trung Vi\u1ec7t t\u00e2n v\u0103n).<\/p>\n

(7) Christopher E. Goscha: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt theo Vi\u1ec7t Minh trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, \u0110\u00e0o H\u00f9ng tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed X\u01b0a v\u00e0 Nay, s\u1ed1 129, ra th\u00e1ng 12-2002, tr.13.<\/p>\n

(8) Xin xem: \u0110o\u00e0n L\u00ea Giang: Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u v\u00e0 Kim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u Truy\u1ec7n \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1 12-1999, tr.47-50.<\/p>\n

(9), (11) Komatsu Kiyoshi: B\u00e0i b\u1ea1t Kim V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u, \u0110o\u00e0n L\u00ea Giang d\u1ecbch, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1 11-2004, tr.55-61.<\/p>\n

(10) Kawaguchi Kenichi: V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, (\u0110o\u00e0n L\u00ea Giang d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Honyaku hyakunen: Gaikoku bungaku to Nihon no kindai, Hara Takuya, Nishinaga Yoshinari ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, Daish\u00f9kan shoten, Tokyo, 2000), T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u00e0i G\u00f2n (S\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc), 2011, tr.312-313.<\/p>\n

(12) Nguy\u1ec5n Giang: Danh v\u0103n \u00c2u M\u1ef9, Imprimerie D\u2019Extr\u00eame Orient, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1936, tr.13-28.<\/p>\n

(13) Trung B\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt: s\u1ed1 1 ra ng\u00e0y 3 Mars 1940; ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m: Nguy\u1ec5n Do\u00e3n V\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 255 (29\/7\/1945) do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m; chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tin chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1; t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9: \u201cM\u1edbi, m\u1edbi m\u00e3i v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edbi\u201d; \u0111\u0103ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a V\u0169 B\u1eb1ng, C\u00f4 D\u00ed, M\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1eebng, Truy\u1ec7n ch\u00f3 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Kim L\u00e2n, Truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m (truy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i) c\u1ee7a Nam Cao, Nh\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u con,\u0110\u1ee9a con giai, Ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ea1m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Z\u1ebfnh\u2026 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh V\u0129nh, n\u01a1i ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Ng\u1eef v\u0103n Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t Nam giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, (th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c s\u00e1ch v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u1ecbch 1900 – 1945) \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin: Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 (c\u1ee7a Kiyoshi Kamati), Nguy\u1ec5n Giang d\u1ecbch, Nxb A. de Rhodes, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1945. Vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch ri\u00eang ch\u01b0a. Hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(14) Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a V\u0129nh S\u00ednh (M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed X\u01b0a v\u00e0 Nay, s\u1ed1 27, ra th\u00e1ng 5-1996, tr.19-21), trong s\u1ed1 25 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1996, tr.13-15, to\u00e0 so\u1ea1n t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed X\u01b0a v\u00e0 Nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 223\/ 224\/ 225) n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Komatsu Kiyoshi. N\u01a1i l\u1eddi ti\u1ec3u d\u1eabn, to\u00e0 so\u1ea1n cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cTruy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 208 ra ng\u00e0y 25\/6\/1944 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 237, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 30 s\u1ed1, m\u1ed7i s\u1ed1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4, \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u1edbi 5 trang (kh\u1ed5 19 \u00d7 27 cm), b\u00e1o ra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n n\u00ean truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c g\u1ea7n b\u1ea3y th\u00e1ng r\u01b0\u1ee1i\u201d (tr.13). Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u01b0a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong 30 s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 20 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 214\/ 215\/ 216\/ 217\/ 218\/ 219\/ 220\/ 221\/ 222 v\u00e0 235.<\/p>\n

(15) Komatsu Kiyoshi: Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9, (Gi\u1ea3ng Nguy\u00ean d\u1ecbch), Trung B\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt, s\u1ed1 208 ra ng\u00e0y 25 Juin 1944, tr.13.<\/p>\n

(16) Komatsu Kiyoshi: Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9, (Gi\u1ea3ng Nguy\u00ean d\u1ecbch), Trung B\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt, s\u1ed1 237 ra ng\u00e0y 21 Janvier 1945, tr.23.<\/p>\n

(17) Komatsu Kiyoshi: Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9, (Gi\u1ea3ng Nguy\u00ean d\u1ecbch), Trung B\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt, s\u1ed1 210 ra ng\u00e0y 9 Juillet 1944, tr.15.<\/p>\n

(18) Komatsu Kiyoshi: Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i ng\u1ed9, (Gi\u1ea3ng Nguy\u00ean d\u1ecbch), Trung B\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt, s\u1ed1 224 ra ng\u00e0y 15 Octobre 1944, tr.15.<\/p>\n

Phan M\u1ea1nh H\u00f9ng<\/p>\n

ThS. Khoa V\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110H Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n v\u0103n – \u0110H Qu\u1ed1c gia TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e0i g\u1ed1c http:\/\/khoavanhoc-ngonngu.edu.vn\/home\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3029:komatsu-kiyoshi-va-cuc-tai-ng&catid=63:vn-hc-vit-nam&Itemid=106&lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t – Nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1945 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":344,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[22,20],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/20_bia169_thumb.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/345"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=345"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/345\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1376,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/345\/revisions\/1376"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/344"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}