{"id":1588,"date":"2014-10-21T23:15:00","date_gmt":"2014-10-21T16:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tannamtu.id.vn\/?p=1588"},"modified":"2014-10-21T23:05:57","modified_gmt":"2014-10-21T16:05:57","slug":"su-pho-bien-chu-quoc-ngu-trn-dng-duong-tap-ch-v-nam-phong-tap-ch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/?p=1588","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef trên “\u0111ông d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p chí” và “nam phong t\u1ea1p chí”"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u phong tr\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, trong \u0111\u00f3, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. T\u1edd b\u00e1o Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 \u201cGia \u0110\u1ecbnh b\u00e1o\u201d (n\u0103m 1865), do Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi 3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cTruy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2n h\u1ecdc trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u201d [1; tr 371]. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1edd b\u00e1o ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Phan Y\u00ean b\u00e1o (1868), Nh\u1eadt Tr\u00ecnh Nam k\u1ef3 (1883), Nam k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn (1883).<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc sang \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u00e0 xem b\u00e1o ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u0103m 1907, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Duy T\u00e2n trong \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1edd \u0110\u1ea1i Nam \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0103n nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0110\u0103ng c\u1ed5 t\u00f9ng b\u00e1o in b\u1eb1ng hai th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef: ch\u1eef H\u00e1n do \u0110\u00e0o Nguy\u00ean Ph\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. Ngay trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u00e1o \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i b\u00e0i \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam n\u00ean bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef An Nam\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, c\u1ed5 v\u0169 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef trong sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. T\u1edd b\u00e1o nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1, c\u1ed5 v\u0169 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ed5ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ho\u00e0ng Ti\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u1edd \u0110\u0103ng c\u1ed5 t\u00f9ng b\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed1c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX: \u201cNh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 10 n\u0103m, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1907, k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u0103m 1917. T\u00ednh m\u1ed1c 1907 l\u00e0 n\u0103m t\u1edd \u201c\u0110\u0103ng c\u1ed5 t\u00f9ng b\u00e1o\u201d do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat ra \u0111\u1eddi\u201d [2; tr 83].<\/p>\n

Song, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed (1913) v\u00e0 Nam Phong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed (1917) ra \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00ec vai tr\u00f2 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o ch\u00ed m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1edf r\u1ed9. Hai t\u1edd t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u00ean c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft, c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef tr\u00ean hai t\u1edd t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u00fat xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u1ed1, Ph\u1ea1m Duy T\u1ed1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u00fat xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 Nho h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Phan K\u1ebf B\u00ednh, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed7 M\u1ee5c. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u201cPh\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u0103n ho\u00e1 T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 canh n\u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\u2026\u201d [3; tr 137]. Tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ch\u1eef N\u00f4m v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc khoa c\u1eed, b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i hay, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p, t\u00ednh ti\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch in \u1ea5n, c\u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong khi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft, hay b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef – m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Qua \u0111\u00f3, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, c\u1ed5 v\u0169 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n theo h\u1ecdc. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed c\u0169ng \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1ea7n, vi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3, c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m, t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfng mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef tr\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed5 v\u0169, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed7 Quang H\u01b0ng cho r\u1eb1ng: \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1edd \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed. B\u00e1o l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed r\u1ea5t hay. Trong khi, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ho\u00e0ng Ti\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed1c k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ch\u1eef N\u00f4m v\u00e0 ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn lao v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1, c\u1ed5 v\u0169 cho ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef tr\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. \u00d4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 trong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i kh\u00ed, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf mang, n\u00e2ng cao d\u00e2n kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0: \u201cCh\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u201d, \u201cC\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u201d, \u201cCh\u1eef Nho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 hay n\u00ean b\u1ecf\u201d, \u201cTi\u1ebfng An Nam\u201d…. Qua \u0111\u00f3, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef thay th\u1ebf cho ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m. \u00d4ng khuy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1ecf ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ch\u1eef N\u00f4m m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ngay l\u1ea5y ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, v\u00ec ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc, t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f2n \u201cCh\u1eef Nho ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 d\u1ea1y \u1edf khoa trung \u0111\u1eb3ng nam h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 th\u00f4i\u2026 B\u00e2y gi\u1edd tr\u1ebb con xin nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1eebng cho h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Nho n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng xin b\u1ecf l\u1ed1i d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef Nho \u0111i\u201d [2; tr 148]. Theo \u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ecdc c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u ngay. \u00d4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef ai c\u00f3 ch\u00ed th\u00ec v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, ngu \u0111\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc, bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft. Trong khi, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ch\u1eef N\u00f4m m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng n\u1eeda \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u00edch l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. Trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u201cnh\u1eefng b\u1eadc t\u00e0i hoa, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 v\u0103n Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u201cn\u00e0o b\u00e1o Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, n\u00e0o s\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, n\u00e0o th\u01a1 Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, n\u00e0o v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, \u00e1n k\u1ef3, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, t\u1edd b\u1ed3i vi\u1ec7c quan, \u0111\u01a1n t\u1eeb ki\u1ec7n t\u1ee5ng, n\u00ean l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef h\u1ebft c\u1ea3\u201d [2; tr 158]. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, c\u1ed5 v\u0169 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ra b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn, nh\u1eb1m c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng n\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u, ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u, c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u1ea3 ba mi\u1ec1n \u201cnay b\u1ea3n qu\u00e1n l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng \u0111em h\u1ebft c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec7n ra m\u00e0 b\u00e0n l\u1ea1i\u201d [2; tr 8]. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 ba mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i \u1edf t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1eef \u201cch\u201d v\u1edbi \u201ctr\u201d, \u201cx\u201d v\u1edbi \u201cs\u201d, \u201cgi\u201d v\u1edbi \u201cd\u201d\u2026 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea: \u201c1) \u201cgi\u201d \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u201ctr\u201d (\u201ctr\u1ea3\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u201cgi\u1ea3\u201d, \u201ctrai\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u201cgiai\u201d, \u201ctr\u0103ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u201cgi\u0103ng\u201d, \u201ctrao\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u201cgiao\u201d, \u201ctr\u1ea7u\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u201cgi\u1ea7u\u201d\u2026); 2) \u201cs\u201d \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u201ctr\u201d (\u201ctr\u1ed1ng (m\u00e1i)\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u201cs\u1ed1ng\u201d); 3) \u201cd\u201d \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u201cnh\u201d (\u201cnh\u1ecd\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u201cd\u1ecd\u201d, \u201cnh\u01a1\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u201cd\u01a1\u201d\u2026); 4) \u201cnh\u201d\u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u201cl\u201d (\u201cl\u1ea1t\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u201cnh\u1ea1t\u201d, \u201cl\u1eddi\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u201cnh\u1eddi\u201d\u2026); 5) \u201cng\u201d \u0111\u1ed5i ra \u201cv\u201d [2; tr 171, 172]. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh mong mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n n\u00ean vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chu\u1ea9n, khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef m\u1edbi tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ti\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n t\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Phan nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cNguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd \u1edf nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u1ea5y. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1. \u00d4ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u00fat c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng, g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau m\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n trong \u0111\u00e1m thanh ni\u00ean tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, v\u00ec ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i quy\u1ec3n t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, thanh ni\u00ean h\u1ed3i x\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n nh\u01b0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc. M\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tinh hoa c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Trung Hoa m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi; ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u00e2u th\u00e1i. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i tham kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u0103ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp trong \u201c\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed\u201d, ng\u00e0y nay gi\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch bi\u00ean t\u1eadp r\u1ea5t v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00edch cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u201d[4; tr 52, 53].<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp sau \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Nam Phong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1917, do Louis Maty, thanh tra m\u1eadt th\u00e1m \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp. Trong \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1c Tr\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed nhanh ch\u00f3ng cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y b\u00fat xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 H\u1ecdc, L\u00ea D\u01b0, Ph\u1ea1m Duy T\u1ed1n, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ti\u1ebfn\u2026 tham gia c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed5 v\u0169, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef tr\u00ean Nam Phong l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ean Nam Phong ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n, d\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ra ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef trong c\u00f4ng v\u0103n gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. Nam Phong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e1, chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 kho t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng, b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 \u201cC\u00f4ng v\u0103n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u201d, \u201cQu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef c\u1ed5\u201d, \u201cKh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u201d, \u201cQu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n\u201d, \u201cPhan Ch\u00e2u Trinh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u201d hay \u201cS\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng An Nam\u201d, \u201cTi\u1ebfng An Nam c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng\u201d, \u201cV\u0103n Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u201d, \u201cV\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u201d, \u201cB\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t trong Nam Phong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1, c\u1ed5 v\u0169 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef thay th\u1ebf cho ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ch\u1eef N\u00f4m, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong b\u00e0i \u201cKh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u201d, \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Nam Phong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 122, Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. \u00d4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u khi \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng kinh, truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng n\u00eau l\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0, khi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Duy t\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. \u00d4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed5 v\u0169, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u201cNg\u00e0y nay ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u1ec5m nhi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, c\u00e1i v\u0103n t\u1ef1 chung c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eady. H\u1ecdc v\u1eeba d\u1ec5 v\u1eeba mau, d\u00f9ng v\u1eeba hay v\u1eeba ti\u1ec7n, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc trong qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n. Nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1i ch\u1eef th\u1ea7n di\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3\u2026\u201d [5; tr 108].<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng xem th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, coi ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p \u201cch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong ba tr\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0i b\u00e1c, bao phen v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng mu\u1ed1n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 r\u1eb1ng trong ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p: nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef l\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u201d [6; tr 335]. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ti\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c n\u00e2ng cao d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat Nam Phong n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c. Th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn. B\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m: \u201cPh\u00e0m v\u0103n t\u1ef1, c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1edbi th\u00e2m thu\u00fd. Nay ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef d\u1ec5 qu\u00e1, \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 l\u00ean n\u0103m, h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 s\u01a1 h\u1ecdc m\u1edf quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch ra c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc lau l\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay, th\u00ec c\u00e1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef \u1ea5y t\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n b\u1ec9 ti\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d [6; tr 335], m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u00ednh ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00e8 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt b\u1ecdn ta trong b\u1ec3 tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n v\u1eady\u201d [6; tr 337]. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat Nam Phong v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin \u201ch\u1eadu v\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam ta hay hay d\u1edf l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, \u1edf v\u0103n Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u201d v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o, d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng, Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n, l\u00e0m v\u0103n t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i r\u1ed3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ea3 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n, l\u00e0m ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00ec \u201cch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean khoa, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d v\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cch\u1ec9 duy c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef n\u00f3i sao vi\u1ebft v\u1eady. M\u00e0 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t mau, ch\u1ec9 s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3\u201d [6; tr 59]. \u00d4ng xem ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef \u201cm\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m\u201d cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edf mang d\u00e2n tr\u00ed v\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef s\u1ebd g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n c\u0169ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00ednh ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00e2u th\u00e1i c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nam Phong v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho phong tr\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u1ec1 sau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, gi\u1eefa v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u1edbi v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Thu\u1eadn, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cV\u0103n tr\u00ean Nam Phong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed\u201d \u0111\u00e3 so s\u00e1nh h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Duy T\u00e2n trong \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ee5c n\u0103m 1907: \u201cC\u00e1c ch\u00ed s\u0129 trong phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat Nam Phong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u,\u201c\u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d v\u1edbi m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh\u2026 Sau n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u201cNam Phong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed\u201d, tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng\u201d [6; tr 338].<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e1o ch\u00ed b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u0103n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, t\u01b0 duy, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, m\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0: \u201cCh\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u1edf Nam k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef\u201d, \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef cho \u0111\u00fang\u201d, \u201cVi\u1ebft ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang\u201d, \u201cPh\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef cho \u0111\u00fang, d\u00f9ng danh t\u1eeb cho \u0111\u00fang\u201d, \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u201d, hay \u201cMu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho \u0111\u00fang ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t \u00e2m cho \u0111\u00fang\u201d\u2026 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, Phan Kh\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u00d4ng n\u00eau ra vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef sao cho th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, khi m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. Trong b\u00e0i \u201cT\u1ea1i l\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u00fang\u201d \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Trung L\u1eadp, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Phan Kh\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m xem th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Phan Kh\u00f4i v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u00e0 Nam phong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 cao v\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p, nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u0103n minh Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, song gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c trong Nam Phong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m v\u0103n t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Theo h\u1ecd, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i kh\u00ed, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf mang d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t \u201cch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u1edbi so v\u1edbi ch\u1eef N\u00f4m, ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y n\u00f3, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d [7; tr 32].\/.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Nguy\u1ec5n Quang \u00c2n (1998), L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam – nh\u1eefng g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. T\u1eadp 1, Nxb V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng tin.<\/em><\/p>\n

2. Ho\u00e0ng Ti\u1ebfn (2003), Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, Nxb Thanh Ni\u00ean.<\/em><\/p>\n

3. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh (1913), Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

4. V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Phan (2005), Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, T\u1eadp 1, Nxb V\u0103n H\u1ecdc.<\/em><\/p>\n

5. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Thu\u1eadn (2008), V\u0103n tr\u00ean Nam Phong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, Nxb V\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/em><\/p>\n

6. Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh (1927), Kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nam Phong.<\/em><\/p>\n

7. Tranh lu\u1eadn v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, t\u1eadp 1 (2001), Nxb Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/em><\/p>\n

Th.S L\u00ea V\u0103n Phong<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed “Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ec9nh Ngh\u1ec7 An”, ng\u00e0y 12.7.2012<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u phong tr\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, trong \u0111\u00f3, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. T\u1edd b\u00e1o Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 \u201cGia […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[32],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/C\u00e1o-ph\u00f3-NVV-t\u1ea1-th\u1ebf.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1588"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1588"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1588\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1599,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1588\/revisions\/1599"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1588"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1588"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tannamtu.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}